Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shapes, quantities, arrangement and space. The definition of mathematics is quite broad, no body can actually define it with precision, thus, there are no generally acceptable definitions for it because its so broad. Mathematics is quite fundamental to our understanding of the universe and often regarded as the language of the world. It is present in all aspect of life and in every areas you can see or think of.
Because of Mathematics, Astronomers are able to study things outside our planet. Bricklayers are able to build a solid and long lasting home because of mathematical applications, engineers are able to build machines and other durable structures, all thanks to mathematics, doctors are able to quantify blood volumes, measure body temperatures and blood pressures; all credits go to mathematics. We often think that mathematics is an abstract phenomenon, but that's actually a false belief. It is the fundamental principles that influences everything that flies around the circle of our universe.
When we speak of this very impeccable principle governing the entire universe which have explained virtually all phenomenons of life, we must always give credits to some giants who gave the whole world a deep insight and understanding about it. They are often regarded as the greatest mathematicians of all time. They've actually inscribed their names into the pebbles of history that nothing can erase. However, this list is inexhaustible. There are other great mathematicians who contributed greatly to the understanding of mathematics but didn't appear on this list.
If there is anyone who didn't make the list and you would love to see, please do make your suggestions or contributions on the comment below.
Pythagoras of Samos
Pythagoras of Samos was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism, an early Pre-Socratic Greek School of philosophy that focused on methaphysical beliefs of Pythagoras. He is also commonly credited with the Pythagorean Theorem within trigonometry. This theorem has played and still playing a large part in modern measurements and technological equipment, it is also the base of a large portion of other areas and theorems in mathematics.
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, who is known by many as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution his principles are the most fundamental in the world of physics. He is often regarded as the father of Infinitesimal Calculus, the mathematical study of continuous change.
Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a prominent German polymath and one of the most important logicians, mathematicians and natural philosophers of the Enlightenment. He is often given the credit for introducing modern standard notation, notably the integral sign. He made large contributions to the field of Topology and as well modern calculus.
Rene Descartes
René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. A native of the Kingdom of France, he spent about 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic after serving for a while in the Dutch States Army of Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange and the Stadtholder of the United Provinces. Rene Descartes is best known for his ‘Cogito Ergo Sum’ a Latin proposition meaning "I think, therefore I am". Descartes provided some basic understanding of modern calculus which Isaac Newton and Leibniz later built upon. He also developed the Cartesian Geometry, known to most of us as the standard graph (the x and y axis, etc.).
Leonardo Pisano Blgollo
Also Known as Leonardo Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician from the Republic of Pisa, He considered to be "the most talented Western mathematician of the Middle Ages". He is best known for introducing the Fibonacci Series to the western world, a series of numbers in which each number ( Fibonacci number ) is the sum of the two preceding numbers' e.g 0,1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc.
Euclid
Euclid, sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "father of geometry". He is credited with the instruction of the rigorous, logical proof for theorems and conjectures. Such a framework is still used to this day.
Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and sciences. He made his first major discovery whilst still a teenager. He made several important contributions in major areas of mathematics, most especially "Prime numbers". He developed the fundamental theorem of algebra, and introduced the Gaussian gravitational constant in physics.
Andrew Wiles
Sir Andrew John Wiles KBE FRS is an English mathematician and a Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Oxford, specialising in number theory. He is best known for proving Fermat's Last Theorem, for which he was awarded the 2016 Abel Prize, a Norwegian prize awarded annually by the king of Norway to those who have made good contributions to mathematics. He is the only person on this list who is still alive.